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What Was Happening to Native American and Hispanic Art During the Art Period

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This is a chronological list of meaning or pivotal moments in the development of Native American art or the visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Before dates, especially before the 18th century, are mostly approximate.

Before mutual era [edit]

  • 33,950–fifteen,050 BCE: Artists paints hundreds of images at Serra da Capivara, Piauí, in northeastern Brazil.[1]
  • 12,800–viii,500 BCE: Artists etch the Winnemucca Lake petroglyphs, most Reno, Nevada.[2]
  • 11,000 BCE: Megafauna bone etched with a profile epitome of a walking mammoth and cross-hatched designs left near Vero Beach, Florida is the oldest known portable fine art in the Americas[3]
  • 10,000–7000 BCE: "Horny Petty Man," a petroglyph depicting a stick figure with an oversized phallus, is carved in Lapa practise Santo, a cave in central-eastern Brazil, is the oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas.[iv]
  • 9250–8950 BCE: Clovis points - thin, fluted projectile points created using bifacial percussion flaking - are created past Clovis culture peoples in the Plains and Southwestern North America[5]
  • 9250–8550 BCE: Monte Alegre civilisation rock paintings created at Caverna da Pedra Pintada get the oldest known paintings in South America.[6] [7]
  • 9000 BCE: A man and child interred in a cave near Serranópolis in central Brazil are accompanied by necklaces of human teeth and female parent of pearl[viii]
  • 8500 BCE minimum historic period (could appointment back to 12,800 BCE): The Winnemucca Lake petroglyphs located nearly Winnemucca Lake, a dry lakebed in northwestern Nevada, are the earliest known petroglyphs in North America. They feature repeating designs of dots and arches, and other abstract designs.[ix]
  • 8000 BCE: Fiberwork left in Guitarrero Cave, Peru is the earliest known instance of textiles in South America[10]
  • 8200 BCE: Cooper Bison skull is painted with a ruby zigzag in present twenty-four hour period Oklahoma,[11] becoming the oldest known painted object in Due north America.[12]
  • 7650 BCE: Cavern painting in the Toquepala Caves, Peru
  • 7370±90: Stenciled hands are painted with mineral inks at the Cueva de las Manos, nigh Perito Moreno, Argentina, besides as images of humans, guanacos, rheas, felines, other animals, geometric shapes, the dominicus, and hunting scenes[13] [fourteen]
  • 7300 BCE: A painted herringbone design from Tecolate Cavern in the Mojave Desert of California is the earliest well-dated pictograph in North America.[15]
  • 5630 BCE: Ceramics left at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Brazil are the earliest known ceramics in the Americas[16]
  • 3450 BCE: Watson Brake, built by a hunter-gatherer society in Louisiana, is the earliest known mound circuitous in Northward America[17]
  • 2885 BCE: Valdivia culture pottery is created in littoral Ecuador[18]
  • 2600–2000 BCE: Monumental architecture, including platform mounds and sunken courtyards, built in Caral, Supe Valley; Asia; Aspero; Salinas de Chao; El Paraíso; La Galgada; and Kotosh, Peru[19]
  • 2500–1800 BCE: Elaborate twined textiles are created at Huaca Prieta in northern coastal Peru, part of the Norte Chico civilization[20]
  • 2000–1000 BCE: Poverty Indicate culture in northeastern Louisiana features rock work, flintknapping, earthenware, and effigy, conical, and platform mounds, as well as pre-planned settlements on concentric earthen ridges
  • 1500 BCE–250 CE: Maya art is created in their Preclassic Period, in fundamental and southeastern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador
  • 1400–400 BCE: Olmec culture thrives in Norte Chico, the tropical lowlands of Mexico. Their fine art includes colossal basalt heads, jade sculpture, carved writing in stones, and ceramic figure jars.
  • k–900 BCE: The Cascajal Block is carved with writing by the Olmec people, condign the earliest known case of writing in the Americas[21]
  • 1000–200 BCE: Adena culture, known for its mound building, originates in Ohio and expands to Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York.
  • 900 BCE: Construction begins on Chavín de Huantar, a Chavín city in Callejón de Conchucos, Peru
  • 900–200 BCE: Chavín synthesis flourishes in primal coastal Republic of peru and is characterized by monumental architecture,[22] goldsmithing, stirrup spout ceramics, and Karwa textiles[23]
  • 750–100 BCE: Paracas civilization flourishes in south littoral Peru
  • 730 BCE: Porcupine quills used equally binding agent in Utah and Nevada[24]
  • 500 BCE: Zapotec culture emerges in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. They are known for their ceramics, jewelry, and stonework.
  • 200 BCE–500 CE: The Hopewell tradition flourishes in Ohio, Ontario, and surrounding area, featuring ceramics, cutting mica, weaving, carved pipes, and jewelry.

Common era [edit]

  • 1–600: Moche culture flourishes in northern littoral Republic of peru, characterized by monumental adobe mounds, murals, metalwork, and ceramics[25]
  • i–700: Nasca culture thrives in southern coastal Peru, characterized by double spout and bridge vessels and the Nasca lines, monumental geoglyphs[26]
  • 200–700: Maya civilisation'southward Classic Period. Architecture, painting, stone glyphic writing, books, painting, ceramics, and Maya textiles created in primal and southeastern United mexican states, Republic of honduras, Republic of guatemala, and El salvador
  • 400–900: Tiwanaku culture emerges from Lake Titicaca and spreads to southern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and northern Chile
  • 500–900: Wari culture dominates central coastal Peru
  • 755±65–890±65: likely dates of the Blythe Geoglyphs being sculpted by bequeathed Quechan and Mojave peoples in the Colorado Desert, California[27]
  • 800–1500: Mississippian cultures flourish in the Eastern Woodlands, featuring ceramics, shell engraving, textiles, woodcarving and stonework.
  • 900: Earliest effect recorded in the Battiste Skillful (1821–22, Sicangu Lakota) Wintertime count[28]
  • 900-1470: Chimú civilization thrives in Chimor, today's north coastal Peru.[29] Their art is characterized by monochromatic pottery; fine metal working of copper, gold, silvery, bronze, and tumbago (copper and gold alloy);[xxx] and monumental domicile construction in their capital city Chan Chan
  • thou: Island of Marajó flourishes as an Amazonian ceramic center
  • thousand–1200: Dresden Codex written and illuminated. This Yucatecan Mayan codex from Chichén Itzá is the earliest known surviving book from the Americas[31]
  • k–1200: Acoma Pueblo and Old Oraibi are established, become the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United states[32] [33] [34]
  • 1070: Great Serpent Mound built in Ohio.[35]
  • 1100: Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon reaches noon in size at 800 rooms[36]
  • 1100: Hohokam Culture reaches apex in nowadays day Arizona[36]
  • 1142: Wampum invented by Ayenwatha, which the Haudenosaunee used to record information.[37] [38]
  • 1200–1533: Inca civilization originated in the Peruvian highlands and spreads across western South America
  • 1250: Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde, and other Bequeathed Pueblo architectural complexes reach their apex[39]
  • 1325–1521: The Aztec Empire thrives, based in Tenochtitlan, cardinal United mexican states. Their arts are characterized by awe-inspiring stone architecture, turquoise mosaics, stone etching, ceramics, cotton fiber textiles, and Aztec codices
  • 1430: Construction of Machu Picchu begins, a classic example of Incan architecture
  • 1479: Aztec Sun Stone, a monolithic agenda stone, almost 12 anxiety in diameter, is carved[40]
  • 1492: Glass beads are introduced to Taíno people
  • 1500: Calusa culture flourishes in Key Marco, Florida,[39] characterized by woodcarving
  • 1500–1800: Navajo people learn loom-weaving techniques from Pueblo people[39]
  • 1600–1615: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (Quechua) illustrates his one,189-page book, El primer nueva corónica [sic] y buen gobierno.
  • 1600–1650: Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl (Texcocan, 1568/1580–1648) illustrates the Codex Ixtlilxochitl with watercolor paintings
  • 1688: European and Mestizo members of the Cuzco School office ways with the Indian painters, allowing them to develop their own styles.[41]
  • 1725: Quebec Grey nuns and Mi'kmaq women devise new floral appliqué techniques in moose hair embroidery[42]

19th century [edit]

  • 1820s: Haida argillite carving emerges, in the wake of the declining Fur merchandise
  • 1820s: Tuscarora brothers David and Dennis Cusick, both self-taught artists, begin painting, founding the Iroquois Realist Movement
  • 1825: Ursuline nuns teach floral embroidery to Métis and Dene women in Fort Chipewyan and Winnipeg,[42] which will revolutionize Great Lakes quillwork, embroidery, and beadwork
  • 1830–1900: Tribes near Niagara Falls create beadwork whimsies, birch bark boxes, and other art forms, jumpstarting an agile souvenir trade,[42] following the decline in the fur trade
  • 1840s: Zacharie Vincent (Huron, 1815–1886) begins his career as a realist oil painter
  • 1826/8: David Cusick (ca. 1780–ca. 1831) published his self-illustrated Sketches of Ancient History of the 6 Nations.
  • 1853: Atsidi Sani (ca. 1830–1918) becomes the first known Navajo silversmith
  • 1858–1869: Aron of Kangeq (1822–1869), a Kalaallit sculptor and carver, paints over 300 watercolors about traditional means of life in Greenland, later to be published in books
  • 1860s: Depletion of buffalo and forced relocation onto reservations causes Plains Indians to shift from hide painting to painting and cartoon on textile and paper, giving birth to Ledger art
  • 1876: Mississauga Ojibwe sculptor Edmonia Lewis is the talk of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia for her monumental marble sculpture, The Death of Cleopatra.[43]
  • 1870–1900: Navajo weavers incorporate new Eyedazzler patterns and Germantown yarns.[44]
  • 1875–1878: Southern Plains artists imprisoned at Fort Marion become prolific Ledger artists
  • 1885–1890: Nampeyo and her husband Lesou (Hopi) revive Sikyátki style pottery[44]
  • 1885–1905: Alaska native arts thrive in the curio merchandise precipitated past the Klondike Gold Rush[44]
  • 1890s: Silverish Horn (Kiowa, 1860/1-1940) creates paintings for anthropologist James Mooney[44]
  • 1895: John Leslie (Puyallup) published a book of his photography at Carlisle Indian School and exhibits his photographs at the Atlanta International Exposition[45] [46]
  • 1899: Tsimshian lensman Benjamin Haldane establishes a professional photography studio in Metlakatla, Alaska

20th century [edit]

  • 1904: Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri features Native American art, including paintings by Silvery Horn (Kiowa)[47] and Narcissa Chisholm Owen (Cherokee), fine art by Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), and many others
  • 1906–1915: Ho-Chunk artist Angel De Cora serves as manager of Carlisle Indian School's Native American art programme[48]
  • 1906: Carlisle Indian School builds state-of-the-art photography school and offers photography classes to its Native students[46]
  • 1910s: Maria Martinez (1881–1980, San Ildefonso Pueblo) revives her tribe'due south blackware ceramics
  • 1910–1932: San Ildefonso Pueblo Painting Motility thrives in New Mexico, led by artists Crescencio Martinez, Julian Martinez, Alfredo Montoya, Tonita Peña, Alfonso Roybal, and Abel Sanchez (Oqwa Pi)[49]
  • 1914: Louisa Keyser, Washoe handbasket maker, experiences peak of her fame[50]
  • 1915: Iñupiaq men invent baleen basketry[50]
  • 1916: In a controversial move, Navajo weaver Hastiin Klah (1867–1937) incorporates Yeibichei imagery into a rug
  • 1917: Quechua photographer Martín Chambi establishes his own photography studio in Republic of peru
  • 1917–1930s: Seminole women in Florida develop their unique patchwork appliqué designs[51]
  • 1918: Julian Martinez (San Ildefonso Pueblo) invents the matte-on-glossy blackware ceramic technique
  • 1920s: The Kwakwaka'wakw Four (Chief George, Charley George, Sr., Willie Seaweed, and George Walkus) collaborate to revive and modernize Kwakwaka'wakw fine art
  • 1922: Social Indigenist movement begins in Peru and thrives for iii decades
  • 1922: Kickoff Santa Iron Indian Market held, sponsored by the Museum of New United mexican states
  • 1925: Native Arts section of the Denver Fine art Museum was founded [52]
  • 1926: Indigenist Movement formed in Ecuador by Camilo Egas, Oswaldo Guayasamín, and other Quechua and Mestizo artists
  • 1927: Offset Nations art exhibited with Euro-Canadian art in the Exhibition of the Canadian West Coast Art in the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa[50]
  • 1928: Kiowa Vi participate in the International Art Congress in Prague, Czech republic
  • 1931: Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts opens at the Grand Central Fine art Galleries in New York City.[l] Sponsored past the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Secretarial assistant of the Interior, and the College Fine art Clan, the exhibition of over 600 artworks and so toured the Venice Biennale.[53]
  • 1932: Kiowa Six participate in the Venice Biennale. Their art, according to Dorothy Dunn, "was acclaimed the most pop showroom among all the rich and varied displays assembled."[54]
  • 1932: Professor Mary Rock McClendon "Ataloa" (Chickasaw, 1895–1967) founds the Ataloa Art Club, a Native American art centre at Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma[55]
  • 1932: The Studio at the Santa Fe Indian School is established by Dorothy Dunn
  • 1933–34: Century of Progress Exposition, amend known as the Chicago Globe's Off-white features Native artists such every bit Navajo artists Fred Peshlaikai, Ah-Kena-Bah, and Hastiin Klah, too as Maria and Julian Martinez, who won All-time in Show.[53]
  • 1934: Craft of the Indians of the Southwest opens at the DeYoung Museum in San Francisco[56]
  • 1934–1941: The Seneca Indian Arts Projection, a WPA-funded project at the Rochester Museum and Science Center, headed by Arthur C. Parker (Seneca), hires 70 Haudenosaunee artists to create virtually 6,000 artworks[53] [57]
  • 1936: Indian Craft Board created in the The states[l]
  • 1938: Osage Nation establishes the oldest tribal museum in Pawhuska, Oklahoma[58]
  • 1939: Many Native artists participate in the 1939 New York World's Fair including realist landscape painter Moses Stranger Horse (Brulé Lakota, 1890–1941)[59] and Fort Sill Apache sculptor Allan Houser (1914–1994)
  • 1939: Hopi creative person Fred Kabotie curates a Native American fine art show at the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco[60]
  • 1941: Indian Art of the United States exhibition shows at the Museum of Mod Art, New York City[56]
  • 1946: Qualla Arts and Crafts is founded on the Qualla Boundary in North Carolina by Eastern Band Cherokee artists, becoming the starting time arts and crafts cooperative founded by Native Americans in the U.s.a.[61]
  • 1948: Allan Houser completes his start awe-inspiring sculpture at the Haskell Indian School in Lawrence, Kansas
  • 1950s and 1960s: Maya weaving cooperatives established past the Mexican government[62]
  • 1957: West Baffin Eskimo Co-op Ltd., an Inuit graphic arts workshop, is founded by James Archibald Houston in Greatcoat Dorset, Nunavut.[63]
  • 1958: Yanktonai Dakota artist Oscar Howe (1915–1983) writes his famous letter afterward his piece of work was rejected from the Philbrook Museum art prove for not being "Indian" enough
  • 1958: Heard Museum Guild hosts their first annual Indian Off-white and Market in Phoenix, Arizona
  • 1958–1962: Norval Morrisseau (Ojibwe) develops Woodlands Style painting in Ontario[64]
  • 1960: Oscar Howe appears on an episode of This Is Your Life, Ralph Edwards Productions, NBC, 13 Apr 1960. The invitee host was Vincent Toll. Amid the surprise guests was Howe's former instructor, Dorothy Dunn.[65]
  • 1962: The Institute of American Indian Arts is founded in Santa Fe, New Mexico
  • 1965: University of Alaska, Fairbanks creates their Native Art Center[64]
  • 1967: Fritz Scholder paints Indian No. one, 1967, Oil paint on canvas, twenty x 18 in, the first of his famed Indian serial paintings.[66]
  • 1967: Crimson Deject Indian Schoolhouse in Pino Ridge, South Dakota hosts its first annual juried, competitive, intertribal art evidence which continues today[67]
  • 1971: The Cherokee Heritage Center in Park Colina, Oklahoma hosts the first Trail of Tears fine art prove, an annual juried, competitive, intertribal art show which besides continues today[68]
  • 1971: The Constitute of American Indian Arts Museum (now chosen the Museum of Contemporary Native Arts) is founded by the Found of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, every bit the only museum to focus on gimmicky intertribal Native American art
  • 1972: Two American Painters shows at the Smithsonian Establishment's National Collection of Fine Arts in Washington, DC, featuring T. C. Cannon (Kiowa/Caddo) and Fritz Scholder (Luiseño)
  • 1977: Sna Jolobil (House of the Weaver) in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico becomes the first artist-run Mayan weaving cooperative[62]
  • 1990: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Human action passed in the US
  • 1990: American Indian Arts and Crafts Act passed in the U.s.a.
  • 1992: Crow's Shadow Plant of the Arts, a center for fine printmaking, is founded by Walla Walla creative person James Lavadour on the Umatilla Indian Reservation.[69]
  • 1992: Eiteljorg Museum hosts their first annual Indian Market and Festival
  • 1995: Edward Poitras (Plains Cree) represents Canada at the Venice Biennale, with Gerald McMaster (Plains Cree) curating.[lxx]
  • 1999: Native American Arts Brotherhood, curated by Nancy Mithlo (Chiricahua Apache) sponsors Native American artists Harry Fonseca, Bob Haozous, Jaune Quick-to-Run across Smith, Kay WalkingStick, Frank LaPena, Richard Ray Whitman, and poet Simon Ortiz in the Venice Biennale[71]
  • 2000: Mapuche printmaker Santos Chávez is granted the Altazor accolade and named "illustrious son" of Tirúa, Chile[72]

21st century [edit]

  • 2004: National Museum of the American Indian opens its doors in Washington, DC
  • 2005: Rebecca Belmore (Anishinaabe) represents Canada and James Luna (Luiseño) represents NMAI at the Venice Biennale.[73] [74]
  • 2006: Chile hosts its first Biennial of Ethnic Art and Culture in Santiago, featuring over 120 artists from Chile'due south ix indigenous groups.[75]
  • 2006: The outset Bienal Intercontinental de Arte Indigena (Intercontinental Indigenous Arts Biennial) is held in Quito, Ecuador[76]
  • 2009: Pottery by Jereldine Redcorn (Caddo), who singlehandedly revived her tribe's ceramic tradition, is exhibited in the Oval Function of the White House[77]

Run into also [edit]

  • Archaeological sites in Peru
  • Cultural periods of Peru
  • Indigenous fine art of the Americas
  • Ethnic ceramics of the Americas
  • List of indigenous artists of the Americas
  • Mesoamerican chronology
  • Native American Jewelry
  • Pre-Columbian art

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Anne-Marie Pesses and Niède Guidon. Dating Rock Art Paintings in Serra de Capivara National Park
  2. ^ Ker Than. "Oldest N American Rock Art May Be 14,800 Years One-time." National Geographic. August 15, 2013.
  3. ^ Dell'Affection, Christine. "Oldest American Fine art Found on Mammoth Bone." National Geographic. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  4. ^ Choi, Charles. "Phone call this ancient rock carving 'little horny man'." Science on NBC News. 22 Feb 2012. Retrieved 9 Apr 2012.
  5. ^ O'Brien, Michael John and R. Lee Lyman. 'Applying Evolutionary Archaeology: A Systematic Arroyo. New York: Springer, 2000: 355. ISBN 978-0-306-46253-5.
  6. ^ Wilford, John Noble. Scientist at Work: Anna C. Roosevelt: Sharp and To the Point In Amazonia. New York Times. 23 April 1996
  7. ^ "Dating a Paleoindian Site in the Amazon in Comparison with Clovis Culture." Science. March 1997: Vol. 275, no. 5308, pp. 1948–1952. Retrieved 1 Nov 2009.
  8. ^ Saraceni, Jessica E. and Adriana Franco da Sá. "People of South America." Archeology. Vol. 49, No. 4, July/August 1996. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  9. ^ "Dating Oldest Known Petroglyphs in Northward America." Science Daily. 13 Aug 2013. Retrieved xiii Aug 2013.
  10. ^ Stone-Miller 17
  11. ^ Bement, 37
  12. ^ Bement 176
  13. ^ Straus, Lawrence Guy, Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner, eds. Humans at the end of the Ice Age: the archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition. New York: Plenum Press, 1996:346. ISBN 0-306-45177-8.
  14. ^ UNESCO gives the dates: xi,000–9,500 BCE. "Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas." UNESCO World Heritage. 2010 (retrieved 15 July 2010)
  15. ^ Penney, 128
  16. ^ Silverman and Isbell, 365
  17. ^ Walker, Amélie A. "Earliest Mound Site." Archæology. Volume 51 Number 1, January/February 1998 (retrieved 15 Nov 2011)
  18. ^ Josephy, 240
  19. ^ Stone-Miller, 21
  20. ^ Rock-Miller, xviii-nineteen
  21. ^ Martínez, Ma. del Carmen Rodríguez et al. Oldest Writing in the New Earth. Scientific discipline. Vol. 313, No. 5793, 15 Sept 2006: 1610–1614. (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  22. ^ Stone-Miller, 28–29
  23. ^ Stone-Miller, 41
  24. ^ "Quillwork." The Arts: Fine Fine art, Contemporary Art & Music. (retrieved four Nov 2009)
  25. ^ Stone-Miller, 82
  26. ^ Stone-Miller, 64
  27. ^ Malki Museum. Periodical of California and Great Bowl Anthropology. 1994. Volume 16, Consequence 1: 63
  28. ^ Greene and Thornton, 42
  29. ^ "Chapter 12 Ch. 12 Civilizations in the Americas: Chimú". World Civilization. OER Services.
  30. ^ Fester, Grand. A. (1962). "Copper and Copper Alloys in Ancient Argentina". Chymia. eight: 21–31. doi:10.2307/27757215. JSTOR 27757215.
  31. ^ "The Dresden Codex". World Digital Library. 1200–1250. Retrieved 2013-08-21 .
  32. ^ "Lucy M. Lewis Dies; Self-Taught Potter, 93". The New York Times. 1992-03-26.
  33. ^ Ancient Citadel. Smithsonian Magazine. April 2008.
  34. ^ Casey, Robert L. Journeying to the High Southwest. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press, 2007: 382. ISBN 978-0-7627-4064-two.
  35. ^ Saraceni, Jessica Eastward. Redating the Serpent Mound. Archaeology. Vol. 49, No. six Nov/December 1996 (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  36. ^ a b Berlo and Phillips, 274
  37. ^ Gawyehnehshehgowa: Nifty Law of Peace. Archived 2009-02-09 at the Wayback Motorcar Degiya'göh Resources. (retrieved 14 March 2009)
  38. ^ Johansen, Bruce E. Dating the Iroquois Confederacy. Akwesasne Notes. Autumn 1995, Volume 1, 3 & 4, pp. 62–63. (retrieved through Ratical.com, 26 Oct 2009)
  39. ^ a b c Berlo and Phillips, 275
  40. ^ "Aztec calendar stone." Aztec History. (retrieved 2 November 2009)
  41. ^ Fane, pp. 39–twoscore
  42. ^ a b c Berlo and Phillips, 277
  43. ^ Wolfe, 93
  44. ^ a b c d Berlo and Phillips, 278
  45. ^ Turner, Laura. "John Nicholas Choate and the Product of Photography at the Carlisle Indian Schoolhouse." Visualizing a Mission: Artifacts and Imagery of the Carlisle Indian School, 1879–1918. (retrieved xv March 2010)
  46. ^ a b Tsinhnahjinnie and Passalacqua, eleven
  47. ^ Swan, seventy-71
  48. ^ McAnulty, Sarah. Angel DeCora: American Artists and Educator. (retrieved 26 October 2009)
  49. ^ Brody, J.J. "A Bridge Across Cultures: Pueblo Painters in Santa Fe, 1910–1932. Santa Fe: Wheelwright Museum, 1992
  50. ^ a b c d e Berlo and Phillips, 279
  51. ^ Downs, ninety
  52. ^ https://denverartmuseum.org/sites/default/files/pr/DAM%20Announces%20New%20Curatorial%20Appointments_FINAL_0.pdf [ dead link ]
  53. ^ a b c "Fine art Museums Find Indian Art." 28 Oct 2011. Retrieved four June 2012.
  54. ^ Dunn, 240
  55. ^ Well-nigh Ataloa/Mary Stone McClendon. Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Auto Bacone College. 2007 (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  56. ^ a b Seymour 346
  57. ^ "The Indian Arts Project (1935–1941)." Rochester Museum and Scientific discipline Center. (retrieved half dozen February 2011)
  58. ^ Osage Nation Museum. Archived 2008-ten-24 at the Wayback Machine Osage Nation. (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  59. ^ Libhart, 30
  60. ^ Seymour, 244
  61. ^ Qualla Arts and Crafts (retrieved 26 October 2009)
  62. ^ a b Economic science. Archived 2009-07-xvi at the Wayback Machine Woven Voices: Textiles Traditions in the Highland Mayan. (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  63. ^ Ingo, 49
  64. ^ a b Berlo and Phillips, 280
  65. ^ "This is your life Oscar Howe, 1960 Apr thirteen | the University of South Dakota Archives and Special Collections Finding Aids".
  66. ^ "How Native American Artist Fritz Scholder Forever Changed the Art World".
  67. ^ "Art Show." Archived 2011-03-15 at the Wayback Machine Red Cloud Indian Schoolhouse: Museum and Heritage Middle. (retrieved 6 Dec 2010)
  68. ^ "Trail of Tears Art Bear witness." Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine Cherokee Heritage Center. (retrieved 6 Dec 2010)
  69. ^ Artists:James Lavadour. Archived 2009-09-30 at the Wayback Motorcar Crow'southward Shadow Found of the Arts. (retrieved 1 Nov 2009)
  70. ^ Aboriginal Artists, Contemporary. The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. (retrieved 20 Nov 2009)
  71. ^ "Organizational Background." Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Car Nancy Marie Mithlo. 2007-ix (retrieved i Dec 2009)
  72. ^ Fiamma, Paula. Santos Chávez: Earth'southward Printer. Neustro.cl: Chilean Cultural Heritage Site. July 2004 (retrieved 3 Nov 2009)
  73. ^ McFadden and Taubman, 248
  74. ^ Martin, Lee-Ann. "The Waters of Venice." Rebecca Belmore: Curatorial Essays. (retrieved 21 March 2011)
  75. ^ Estrada, Daniela. Chile: Showroom to Celebrate Indigenous Fine art. Inter Press Service. 2008 (retrieved 3 November 2009)
  76. ^ "Primera Bienal Intercontinental de Arte Indigena." (retrieved 6 Dec 2010)
  77. ^ Benac, Nancy. "Capital Civilization: Modern art hits 1600 Pa. Ave." Associated Press. 6 Oct 2009 (retrieved 27 October 2009)

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  • Fane, Diana, ed. Converging Cultures: Art & Identity in Spanish America. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. ISBN 0-87273-134-0.
  • Greene, Candace S. and Russel Thornton, ed. The Yr the Stars Vicious: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Establishment, 2007. ISBN 0-8032-2211-4
  • Hessel, Ingo. Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the Albrecht Drove at the Heard Museum. Phoenix: Heard Museum, 2006. ISBN 9781553651895.
  • Josephy, Alvin M., Jr. The Indian heritage of America. Boston: Mariner Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0-395-57320-4.
  • Libhart, Myles. Contemporary Sioux Painting. Rapid Urban center, SD: Indian Arts and Crafts Lath, 1970. ASIN B001Y46FHS.
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  • Seymour, Tryntje Van Ness. When the Rainbow Touches Down. Phoenix, AZ: Heard Museum, 1988. ISBN 0-934351-01-5.
  • Silverman, Helaine and William Isbell, eds. Handbook of South American Archaeology. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-75228-0.
  • Swan, Daniel C. Peyote Religious Fine art: Symbols and Faith and Conventionalities. Jackson: Academy of Mississippi Press, 1999. ISBN 1-57806-096-6.
  • Stone-Miller, Rebecca. Art of the Andes: from Chavín to Inca. London: Thames and Hudson, 2002. ISBN 978-0-500-20363-seven.
  • Tsinhnahjinnie, Hulleah J. and Veronica Passalacqua, eds. Our People, Our Land, Our Images: International Ethnic Photography. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2008. ISBN 978-ane-59714-057-7.
  • Wolfe, Rinna Evelyn. Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble. Parsippany, New Jersey, 1998. ISBN 0-382-39714-2

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Native_American_art_history

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